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感染风险

手机在医疗流程中流转，
其上的微生物亦然。

移动设备是临床工作流程中接触最频繁的物品之一，但研究反复表明，它们可能携带具有临床意义的细菌。

The Financial Reality of Hospital-Acquired Infections

Hospital-Acquired Infections cost US hospitals up to $45 billion every year.

The organisms most responsible for those infections, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, and Acinetobacter are the same organisms found on healthcare worker phones in study after study. Phones travel between every patient room, every shift, with no cleaning protocol designed to address them.

$45B
Annual HAI cost to US hospitals
Direct medical costs of hospital-acquired infections each year across the United States.
Anderson et al., PMC, peer-reviewed
1 in 31
Hospital patients have an HAI on any given day
CDC estimates approximately 722,000 HAIs occur in US acute care hospitals annually.
CDC, National and State HAI Progress Report
$28K+
Average cost of a single surgical site infection
Each surgical site infection adds an estimated $28,219 in direct costs per patient hospitalization.
AHRQ, Estimating Additional Hospital Inpatient Cost
75K
Deaths attributed to HAIs annually in the US
HAIs remain among the leading causes of preventable death in US healthcare facilities.
CDC, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
The Gap

The pathogens behind these numbers, MRSA, Staph aureus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas are consistently identified on healthcare worker smartphones. Phones are not a theoretical risk. They are a documented, unaddressed gap in every infection control protocol currently in use.

研究发现

污染率令人无法忽视。

99.3%
的医务人员智能手机屏幕检测出细菌污染
Loyola 等人（2021年），医务人员智能手机同行评审医院研究
97.8%
另一项研究中医务人员手机的污染率
Simmonds et al.; 9.5% MRSA-阳性， 11.2% ESBL E. coli-阳性（采样设备中）
40–60%
已发表文献综述中各研究报告的污染率
多项关于医务人员移动设备污染系统综述的汇总发现
传播路径

手机不会停在一个地方。

医务人员的手机跟随他们到处移动：进入病房、护士站、休息室，再折返。途中被拿起、放下、接听、转交。与双手不同，手机在这些时刻之间鲜少得到清洁。

世卫组织手卫生指南明确将患者周围环境中的物品视为与污染相关的接触点。疾控中心环境清洁指南将医疗机构内的高频接触表面列为重点关注对象。手机明确属于这两类，却游离于大多数清洁规程之外。

在医务人员手机上检出的微生物
MRSAA type of Staphylococcus aureus that can be harder to treat and is associated with skin, wound, and bloodstream infections. Staphylococcus aureusCommonly found on skin and surfaces and can spread between users through shared contact points. EnterococcusCan spread through shared contact surfaces and is associated with urinary tract, wound, and bloodstream infections. AcinetobacterAble to persist on surfaces and associated with pneumonia, wound, and bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. PseudomonasKnown to persist on surfaces and equipment, particularly in environments with frequent handling. ESBL E. coliA resistant form of E. coli associated with urinary tract and bloodstream infections and spread through contact with contaminated hands or surfaces. ColiformsSpread through contact with contaminated hands and often found on frequently touched surfaces.

微生物鉴定数据来源于已发表的医务人员手机污染相关综述与研究。

Escherichia coli Staphylococcus Aureus Bacillus Cereus Clostridium Perfringens Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Fecal Bacteria (Streptococci)

示意图。微生物来源于已发表的医务人员手机污染研究。

临床环境中的实测影响

共用座机承载着容易被忽视的污染负担。

医院环境中的共用座机在各班次和不同使用者之间反复使用，接触之间的清洁缺乏一致性。世卫组织报告显示，办公室电话平均携带 每平方英寸 25,127 个细菌，而常规表面清洁无法触及深藏于话机孔隙中的微生物。

在一项受控的医院研究中，一次性防护套在共用座机上进行了 48 小时评估。受防护与未受防护设备之间的差异显著。

降幅具有统计学意义（卡方检验，p<0.05），支持持续屏障防护在减少共用通信设备微生物污染方面的作用。

检出的主要微生物包括革兰氏阳性菌，如 Staphylococcus 属，常见的医院相关病原体。

来源：Cadenas Cedeño O. 《防护屏障套对医院环境使用设备微生物的防护效果》。 HULA-IA 与 IVSS，委内瑞拉梅里达。生物医学科学研究综合关注办公室（OIA-BSR），2021 年。

80%
未防护手机
的未防护共用座机菌落数超过 100,000 CFU，即具有临床意义的细菌污染阈值（n=24）
25%
受防护手机
使用一次性防护套的手机出现同等菌落增长，统计学上具有显著差异（卡方检验，p<0.05，n=24）
↓
降幅达 55 个百分点 有无屏障防护的共用座机细菌增长差异
Current Approaches Fall Short

Existing methods have meaningful limitations.

Infection control protocols have evolved considerably, yet mobile devices remain a persistent gap. Here is how current approaches compare to a continuous barrier cover.

Disinfecting Wipes
Requires dwell time that rarely happens
EPA-registered wipes need 30 seconds to 4 minutes of wet contact time. In practice, staff wipe for a few seconds and move on. Protection disappears with the next touch.
Sterra Cover
No technique required
A cover works the same regardless of who is using the phone or how rushed the shift is. There is no dwell time, no technique, and nothing to audit.
UV Sanitizers
Point-in-time only
Phones leave the sanitizer and immediately re-enter the clinical environment. Contamination begins again with the first touch. Impractical during active care.
Sterra Cover
Continuous protection throughout use
The cover stays in place for the entire duration of use. Even if a phone is already contaminated, staff handle the cover rather than the phone surface. When it is removed, the contamination leaves with it.
Cleaning Policies
Impossible to enforce consistently
Adherence varies by shift, unit, and workload. Most policies do not specifically address personal devices. There is no reliable way to know if a phone was cleaned before this encounter.
Sterra Cover
Visible compliance at every encounter
The cover is either on or it is not. Staff, supervisors, and patients can all see it. No reporting, no auditing, no guesswork about whether the phone was cleaned before this shift.

A cover does not require perfect compliance. It just has to be on.

证据基础

研究持续揭示的三个事实。

01

手机是护理环境中的高频接触物品

世卫组织手卫生指南将患者周围环境中的物品视为与污染相关的接触点。疾控中心环境清洁指南将高频接触表面列为重点。手机属于这两类。

世卫组织手卫生指南；疾控中心环境清洁指南
02

医务人员手机普遍存在污染

一项医院研究发现 99.3% 的智能手机屏幕存在污染。另一项研究发现 97.8%, 其中 9.5% MRSA。在文献综述中，40% 至 60% 的污染率被普遍报道。

Loyola 等人（2021年）；Simmonds 等人
03

问题在于交叉传播，而不仅仅是污染

手机在患者、病房和员工之间流转，其上检出的微生物，包括 MRSA, Enterococcus, and Acinetobacter，均具有临床意义。这使污染的屏幕成为潜在的传播途径。

系统综述；Ulger 等人；Goldblatt 等人
How Sterra Helps

A passive barrier, built into how work already happens.

Sterra makes Disposable Covers for Deskphones and personal smartphones. Each cover creates a clean barrier between the device and the user, without adding steps to an already demanding shift.

The goal is not to replace existing cleaning protocols. It is to close a specific gap those protocols were not designed to address: the phone that moves room to room, hand to hand, without anyone stopping to wipe it down.

Full device functionality
Touchscreen, Face ID, camera, and all controls remain fully accessible through the clear windows. Nothing about how staff use their devices changes.
Designed for infection control teams
Built to support existing IPC frameworks, not complicate them. Simple to document, simple to audit, and straightforward to roll out across a unit or facility.
Works across care settings
ICU, ED, med-surg, long-term care, outpatient. Anywhere shared phones are part of the workflow, Sterra fits without changing how the unit operates.

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